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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 65(11): 496-502, 1 dic., 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-169960

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer las características de la demanda asistencial de las enfermedades metabólico-hereditarias en un hospital español de tercer nivel. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se revisan los datos epidemiológicos, los motivos de consulta, los diagnósticos y los estudios complementarios de los pacientes atendidos por la unidad de enfermedades metabólicas durante un período de 6 años y 11 meses. Resultados. Se valoraron un total de 1.012 pacientes. Hay un predominio de varones (52%) y de pacientes menores de 1 año (42,09%). El 71,44% son menores de 6 años. Los pacientes provienen en un 50,3% del ámbito hospitalario (planta, consultas externas, neonatología, urgencias, neuropediatría y cuidados intensivos), seguido del programa de cribado neonatal (20,36%) y de atención primaria (14,82%). Conclusiones. El estudio de la demanda asistencial de las enfermedades metabólico-hereditarias es útil para detectar necesidades en su campo y tratar de adecuar la asistencia a éstas. Los avances médicos, científicos y sociales hacen necesaria la existencia del experto en metabolismo en unidades clínicas de referencia, integrado en equipos multidisciplinares con otros especialistas, para una adecuada sospecha, diagnóstico, manejo y seguimiento. Debe estar en continua actualización y garantizar la adecuada formación de nuevos expertos en metabolismo, la mejor vía para una óptima atención de los pacientes afectados de enfermedades metabólicas, habitualmente enfermedades raras (AU)


Aim. To determine the characteristics of the demand for health care in hereditary-metabolic diseases in a Spanish tertiary care hospital. Patients and methods. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study involving a review of the epidemiological data, reasons for visiting, diagnoses and complementary studies of the patients treated by a metabolic disease unit over a period of 6 years and 11 months. Results. Altogether 1012 patients were evaluated. There was a predominance of males (52%) and of patients under the age of 1 year (42.09%). 71.44% of them were under 6 years old. Approximately half of the patients (50.3%) came from hospitals (wards, outpatients, neonatology, emergency department, neuropaediatrics and intensive care), followed by the neonatal screening programme (20.36%) and primary care (14.82%). The most frequent reasons for visiting and diagnoses can be seen in their respective tables. Conclusions. The study of the demand for health care in hereditary-metabolic diseases is useful as a means to detect needs in their field and to try to adapt care to meet them. Medical, scientific and social progress makes it necessary to have an expert in metabolism present in reference clinical units. As members of multidisciplinary teams alongside other specialists, they will contribute towards accomplishing a suitable presumptive diagnosis, diagnosis, management and follow-up. It is necessary to keep them constantly up-to-date and ensure adequate training of new experts in metabolism, since this is the best way to deliver optimal care for those with metabolic illnesses, which are usually rare diseases (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/epidemiology , Neonatal Screening/methods , Rare Diseases/epidemiology , Tertiary Healthcare , Health Services Needs and Demand/statistics & numerical data , Retrospective Studies , Genetic Testing/methods
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 58(7): 303-307, 1 abr., 2014.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-119722

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El síndrome de Gorlin (SG) es un trastorno de herencia autosómica dominante asociado a mutaciones en el gen PTCH1, cuya principal característica es la aparición de carcinomas basocelulares, unido a anomalías esqueléticas, queratoquistes odontogénicos y tumores intracraneales. Caso clínico. Niña de 3 años y 10 meses, ingresada por ataxia aguda. Destacan como antecedentes personales retraso psicomotor y como antecedentes familiares la sospecha de SG en la madre por quiste maxilar. En la exploración, se aprecia macrocefalia con frente prominente e hipertelorismo, así como nevo. Se solicita estudio genético de SG, en el que se detecta la mutación c.930delC en el exón 6 del gen PTCH1 en heterocigosis. Conclusiones. En el SG hay un aumento de la susceptibilidad al desarrollo de carcinomas basocelulares y es preciso un estrecho control dermatológico. Es necesario un seguimiento neurológico clínico y de imagen, mediante resonancia magnética, para el diagnóstico precoz de tumores intracraneales, fundamentalmente el meduloblastoma. También son característicos los queratoquistes odontogénicos, otras alteraciones cutáneas, fibromas cardíacos y ováricos, así como anomalías esqueléticas, que precisan controles clínicos y de imagen periódicos, y tratamiento en caso de ser necesarios, pero debe evitarse la radiación. El SG es un trastorno poco frecuente, que se debe sospechar ante la presencia de alteraciones características. Es necesario un seguimiento multidisciplinar, así como establecer un protocolo de actuación, para un temprano diagnóstico y tratamiento de las complicaciones potencialmente graves derivadas de esta enfermedad (AU)


INTRODUCTION. Gorlin syndrome (GS) is a disorder transmitted by dominant autosomal inheritance associated to mutations in PTCH1, the main characteristic of which is the appearance of basal cell carcinomas, together with skeletal abnormalities, odontogenic keratocysts and intracranial tumours. CASE REPORT. A girl aged 3 years and 10 months, who was admitted due to acute ataxia. Some of the more striking features in the patient's personal history include psychomotor retardation and a family history of suspected GS in the mother as a result of a maxillary cyst. An examination revealed macrocephaly with a prominent forehead and hypertelorism, as well as nevus. A genetic study for GS was requested, in which mutation c.930delC was detected in exon 6 of the PTCH1 gene in heterozygosis. CONCLUSIONS. In GS there is an increase in the likelihood of developing basal cell carcinomas and strict dermatological monitoring is necessary. A clinical neurological follow-up and also magnetic resonance imaging scans are needed for an early diagnosis of intracranial tumours, especially in the case of medulloblastomas. Odontogenic keratocysts, other skin disorders, and cardiac and ovarian fibromas are characteristic, as are skeletal abnormalities, which require regular clinical and neuroimaging controls and treatment if needed, but radiation must be avoided. GS is a rare disorder, but it must be suspected in the presence of characteristic alterations. It requires a multidisciplinary follow-up, and it is also necessary to establish a protocol on how to act so as to allow early diagnosis and treatment of the potentially severe complications deriving from this disease (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome/diagnosis , Ataxia/genetics , Odontogenic Cysts/genetics , Radiotherapy , Early Diagnosis , Continuity of Patient Care
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